<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Azerbaijan<nl>Geography</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Location:</hi> Southwestern Asia, between Armenia and Turkmenistan, bordering the Caspian Sea
<item><hi format=bold>Area:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>total area:</hi> 86,600 sq km
<item>• <hi format=ital>land area:</hi> 86,100 sq km
<item>• <hi format=ital>comparative area:</hi> slightly larger than Maine
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh regions; regions' autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
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<item><hi format=bold>Land boundaries:</hi> total 2,013 km, Armenia (west) 566 km, Armenia (southwest) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (south) 432 km, Iran (southwest) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
<item><hi format=bold>Coastline:</hi> 0 km (landlocked)
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<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)
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<item><hi format=bold>Maritime claims:</hi> NA
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<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> Azerbaijani claims in Caspian Sea unknown; 10-nm fishing zone provided for in 1940 treaty regarding trade and navigation between Soviet Union and Iran
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<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> violent and longstanding dispute with ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh over its status, lesser dispute concerns Nakhichevan; some Azerbaijanis desire absorption of and/or unification with the ethnic Azeri portion of Iran
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west; Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 25%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 0%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 53%
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<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 14,010 sq km (1990)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> local scientists consider the Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> subject to drought; some coastal areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> signed, but not ratified—Biodiversity, Climate Change